Lectures and related exercises: Metrological fundamentals, measurement system, units of physical quantities; importance of measurement in medicine. Levels of electrical signals. Practical procedures for determining uncertainties in non-electrical and electrical measurements. Multi-sensor measurements, indirect measurements Laboratory equipment preview. Motivational demonstrations. Basics of electrical circuits used in smart sensors. Basic electrical quantities. Passive electronic components, marking, use in sensors. Digital potentiometers and digital encoders. Smart control methods and procedures used in medical technology. Active electronic components (types of diodes, characteristics, transistor properties). Principles of flash memories. Amplifiers and converters of electrical quantities. Principle of digital processing of signals from sensors. Signal filtering in medical technology. Demonstrations on ECG, blood pressure measurement, pulse oximetry. Secondary galvanic cells. Real properties of batteries, their importance for sensors in medicine and medical devices. Laboratory resources. Power converters. Stabilized voltage and current sources. Uninterruptible power supplies in medical sensors. Visual perception and light from the point of view of technology and biomedicine, wavelengths, properties of infrared radiation, UV radiation. Comparison of light emitting semiconductor diodes, voltages, currents, wattages, luminous intensity, wiring examples and special applications of LEDs in sensors. Photodiode and transistor. Wavelengths, sensing of visible and near electromagnetic radiation. Special radiation sources, photosynthetic radiation, germicidal radiation in medical technology. Related exercises: Work with instruments for measuring electrical quantities. Static and dynamic properties. Numerical exercises to determine measurement uncertainties and to correctly formulate results. The importance of temperature compensation of the sensor. Power supply systems for sensors. Galvanic cell batteries. Power Supply. LED luminance measurements. Demonstrations with infrared light. Integration and derivative amplifier, signal mixer, instrumentation measurement amplifier. Importance of operational amplifier for selected measurement methods in biomedicine. Examples of ECG measurements, blood pressure measurements, pulse oximetry. Measurement of chemosensory perception (instrument demonstration). Oscilloscopic measurements.
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