The course "Toxicology of nanoparticles and microparticles" consists of a general introduction (basic principles and terms in toxicology), followed by a special section where the general principles are applied to describe the toxic effects of given chemicals and materials, their distribution in the environment or toxicity to living organisms (including humans). Specifically, the study is divided into the following study blocks: " Basic terms and principles in nanoparticle and microparticle toxicology. Exposure-dose-effect. Differences between particle and substance toxicology. Cases that have changed the view of particle toxicology (asbestos). " Environmental fate and behaviour, sources, persistence, bioaccumulation. It also includes the study of interactions of nanoparticles and microparticles with organisms, including humans (absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion). Acute and chronic effects of nano and micromaterials. " Experimental approaches in toxicology of nano and micromaterials - analytical procedures for detection and study of their behaviour in different environmental compartments and organisms, procedures for testing toxic effects (dose-effect curve, biomarkers, in vitro and in vivo test systems, 3D tissue models, laboratory and field studies of effects). " Risk analysis and risk management - hazard and risk in the context of nano and micro particles, exposure assessment and toxicity assessment, risk determinants. Non-noxious exposure level (DNEL) and determination of the no-noxious exposure concentration estimate (PNEC). Safe-by-design concept. Categorisation of nanoparticles (nanophores) under REACH (EU 2018/1881).
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