Lectures: 1) Introduction to radiotherapy, definition and position of the field of radiotherapy in medicine, classification of radiotherapy. History of radiotherapy in the world and the Czech Republic. 2) Radiobiology - definition, classification. Ionizing radiation - definition, classification 3) Effect of radiation at the cellular level, time course of events after cell irradiation, Targets of cell damage by radiation - DNA and membranes. Cell response to radiation, repair, cell cycle and its regulation, apoptosis and necrosis of cells, mathematical modeling of cell survival 4) Effect of radiation on tissues - definition of stem and effector cells, asymmetric and symmetric cell division in tissue, repopulation, tissue classification from a radiobiological point of view, radiobiology of tumor tissue, tumor tissue growth rate, redistribution, importance of oxygen in radiotherapy, reoxygenation 5) Effect of radiation on organs - serial and parallel organs, quantification of radiation damage, tolerance doses 6) Adverse effects of radiotherapy - early and late, general and local, description of the effect of radiation on the skin, mucous membranes and options for its treatment, options for prevention. Description of the effects of radiation on selected organs (brain, spinal cord, lungs, heart, intestine, kidneys, rectum, urinary bladder). The role of radiological assistance in the treatment of post-radiation changes in irradiated patients 7) Fractionation, definition, classification, importance of alternative fractionation regimens, concomitant boost, simultaneous integrated boost 8) Radiotherapy planning, patient preparation, fixation, localization, planning CT examination, use of fusion in planning, planning systems, definition of target volumes and critical organs, evaluation of radiation plans, DVH 9) Verification systems in radiotherapy, definition, importance 10) Parameters of electron and photon radiation beams (homogeneity, symmetry, penumbra, field size, CAX), Basics of dosimetry 11) Basics of legislation, operating log, defect book, planned maintenance, acceptance test, ZDS, ZPS, audits 12) Therapeutic ratio in radiotherapy and possibilities of influencing it, radiosensitivity, radiocurability, cell survival curves (single target hit model, multitarget hit model, linear quadratic model), Biologically equivalent dose, examples and calculations. Exercises: 1) Practical training: CT simulator, lasers, zero point, demonstration of CT simulator function 2) Planning procedure, fixation aids 3) Practical training: linear accelerator, description of components, demonstration of function, daily QA 4) Practical training: planning system, functions, options, evaluation 5) Operational stability test, long-term stability test, plan measurement 6) Recapitulation
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BINAROVÁ, Andrea. Radioterapie. Ostrava: Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě, 2010. ISBN 978-80-7368-701-4.
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DOROTÍK, Jan. Radioterapeutické přístroje. Ostrava: Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita, 2007. ISBN 978-80-248-1376-9.
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FELTL, David a Jakub CVEK. Klinická radiobiologie. Havlíčkův Brod: Tobiáš, 2008. ISBN 978-80-7311-103-8.
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HYNKOVÁ, Ludmila a Pavel ŠLAMPA. Radiační onkologie - učební texty. Brno: Masarykův onkologický ústav, 2009. ISBN 978-80-86793-13-9.
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HYNKOVÁ, Ludmila a Pavel ŠLAMPA. Základy radiační onkologie. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2012. ISBN 978-80-210-6061-6.
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JURGA, Ľudovít. Klinická a radiačná onkológia. Martin: Osveta, 2011. ISBN 978-80-8063-302-8.
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ŠLAMPA, Pavel a Jiří PETERA. Radiační onkologie. Praha: Galén, 2007. ISBN 978-80-7262-469-0.
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