Lectures: 1) Radiotherapy techniques, isocentric irradiation, irradiation field, SAD and SSD technique, irradiation with 1 direct field, relative depth dose, 2D conventional radiotherapy, 3D conformal radiotherapy, irradiation field shaping, collimators 2) Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), definition, essence, meaning, types, VMAT, image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), kilovoltage and megavoltage imaging, meaning 3) Advanced radiotherapy techniques - 4D radiotherapy, tracking, gating, Adaptive radiotherapy, large-volume irradiation, intraoperative irradiation, hyperthermia 4) Electron radiotherapy - meaning, implementation, indications, technical support. X-ray radiotherapy - meaning, implementation indications, technical support. Proton radiotherapy - proton interaction, Bragg peak, advantages and pitfalls of proton radiotherapy, technical support, indications. Neutron radiotherapy, Radiotherapy with heavy particles. 5) Brachytherapy - definition, classification, sources of radiation in brachytherapy, radiobiology of brachytherapy, patient preparation process, afterloading system, indications 6) Basics of radiation protection, definition of quantities, dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, stochastic and deterministic effects of radiation, sources of radiation in the environment, acute radiation sickness 7) Organization of oncology care in the Czech Republic, Comprehensive oncology centers and regional oncology departments, national oncology registry, ČOS and SROBF. Epidemiology of malignant tumors, incidence, mortality, prevalence, time trends. Carcinogenesis, definition and characteristics of malignant tumors, metastasis; etiology of malignant diseases (physical, chemical, infectious), oncological prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary), organization of screening in the Czech Republic 8) Genetics of cancer, pathology of tumors, tumor grading, molecular examination, tumor markers 9) Diagnosis of cancer, manifestations of the disease, clinical examination, imaging methods, endoscopic methods, staging, TNM classification 10) Introduction to the therapy of malignant tumors, classification of oncological treatment, modalities, adjuvant, neoadjuvant, concomitant, evaluation of treatment response, disease recurrence. Basics of systemic oncology treatment (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy), importance, side effects, combination with radiotherapy 11) Basics of supportive treatment in oncology, symptomatic therapy, pain treatment, nausea, hematological side effects of treatment, psychology of oncological disease, terminal and hospice care Exercises: 1) Role and principles of radiotherapy and its position in complex oncological treatment 2) Preparation of patients before radiotherapy, communication with the patient about the planned therapy 3) Practical training: Localization of patients, fixation devices, individual approach 4) Tolerance of radiation treatment, treatment of side effects of radiotherapy 5) Practical training: Proton center, Central Institute of Oncology - cyberknife 6) Practical training: Electron radiotherapy, X-ray therapy
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