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Lecturer(s)
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Vávrová Andrea, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Highlights of the teaching and joint discussions: - Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) transmission - process of emergence and spread, prevention, standard measures to eliminate the risk of transmission of infectious agents during healthcare delivery - occupational infections of non-medical health professionals and their prevention - principles of collection, storage and transport of biological material to clinical microbiology laboratories - the principles of biofilm formation and biofilm infection - proper antibiotic policy and surveillance - the human microbiome Lectures: 1. General bacteriology - cell growth and cell population, physiology and proliferation, classification, biofilm, genetics, pathogenicity and virulence - when and why microbes are successful disease agents. 2. Special bacteriology - currently the most epidemiologically important infectious disease agents (surveillance; spread of resistant strains in bacterial pathogens; routes of transmission). The shape and importance of the human microbiome - when does a microbiome imbalance arise and what are its consequences. 3. General and special virology. 4. Fungi and unicellular parasites important in Central Europe - agents, routes of transmission, methods of investigation. 5. Antibiotics and basics of antimicrobial therapy - primary and secondary resistance of microbes; surveillance. Antibiotic stewardship in times of increasing bacterial resistance to ATB; National Antibiotic Programme of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. 6. Healthcare associated infections: HAI - Healthcare-associated infections - characteristics, distribution, agents, process of emergence and spread, prevention (standard measures to eliminate the risk of transmission of infectious agents during healthcare delivery due to the physiology of selected HAI agents). Role of the non-medical healthcare worker in diagnosis, epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections and epidemiology of community infections. 7. Microbiological diagnostics - principles of collection, storage and transport of biological material to clinical microbiology laboratories; testing; interpretation of results. Objectives and basic divisions of microbiological testing methods - direct and indirect detection of microbes; concepts of bacterial strain, laboratory culture and specimen. Occupational infections of non-medical health professionals and their prevention. 8. Description of the system of public health protection in the field of epidemiology in the Czech Republic including basic legislation. Explanation of the principles and system of surveillance in the Czech Republic. Explanation of the principle of epidemic investigation with examples of epidemics (waterborne, foodborne, airborne, arthropods). Measures to eliminate the risk of transmission of infections. Communication in public health protection. 9. Clinical microbiology - the course of the infectious process and the factors involved. 10. Fundamentals of immunology - immunity of the organism, importance of antibodies in disease and diagnosis; immunoprevention; immunotherapy. Exercises: 1. Work safety in hazardous workplaces (prevention of occupational infections); prevention and routes of transmission of healthcare associated infections (hospital acquired infections); bacterial biofilms and bacterial contamination in the clinical environment; demonstration of the fingerprint method - determining the number of colonies from surfaces after cleaning and disinfection; checking the effectiveness of hand disinfection. 2. Principles of collection, storage and shipment of clinical/biological material to clinical microbiology/virology laboratories as part of microbiological testing; sample contamination. 3. Inoculation of microorganisms; macroscopic features of microbial cultures in microbial diagnostics; culture of microorganisms; laboratory microbiological examination methods; preparation of slides; introduction to microscopy.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Laboratory work, Lecture, Practicum
- Class attendance
- 12 hours per semester
- Preparation for exam
- 50 hours per semester
- Preparation for laboratory testing; outcome analysis
- 7 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The course introduces students to the basics of epidemiology, general and special microbiology and the physiology of microorganisms, which determine the properties of microbes important for clinical microbiology, prevention of occupational diseases and transmission of infections associated with health care. The significance of microbial biofilms, the principle and prevention of their formation are presented. The form and role of the human microbiome is explained. The most epidemiologically important agents of infectious diseases, surveillance, the spread of resistant strains in bacterial pathogens, and routes of transmission are specified. The basics of good antibiotic policy, prevention of occupational infections and prevention of transmission of healthcare associated infections are highlighted. The basics of immunology are explained (immunity of the organism, the importance of antibodies in disease and in diagnosis; immunoprevention; immunotherapy).
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral exam
Final oral exam. Student activity/discussion in lectures. Block exercises: 100% participation required for successful credit.
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Recommended literature
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HAMPLOVÁ, L. Mikrobiologie, imunologie, epidemiologie, hygiena pro bakalářské studium a všechny typy zdravotnických škol. Praha: Triton, 2019. ISBN 9788075537294.
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SCHINDLER, J. Mikrobiologie: pro studenty zdravotnických oborů. Praha: Grada, 2014.
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